How to Transport a Boat Internationally

Transporting a boat internationally is a logistical challenge that requires careful planning, the right transport method, and attention to customs and documentation. Whether you are moving a boat from the US to the Mediterranean, shipping a yacht to the Caribbean for the season, or transporting a newly purchased boat across Europe, this guide covers the options, costs, and preparation steps.

Transport methods

Road transport

Road transport is the most common method for moving boats up to about 12 metres (40 feet) within a continent. The boat is loaded onto a specialised low-loader trailer and transported by road. Key considerations:

• Height and width limits: Most European countries allow a maximum transport height of 4 metres and width of 2.55 metres without special permits. Boats exceeding these require escort vehicles and route surveys, significantly increasing cost.
• Weight limits: The combined weight of boat, trailer, and truck must comply with road weight limits. Heavy motor yachts may require a multi-axle trailer and special permits.
• Route planning: Low bridges, narrow lanes, and weight-restricted bridges must be avoided. Transport companies conduct route surveys to identify obstacles.
• Mast removal: Sailing yachts require mast removal and crating for road transport. The mast travels on the trailer alongside the boat.

Road transport within Europe typically costs €2,000-8,000 depending on distance, boat size, and permit requirements.

Sea freight (container or Roll-on/Roll-off)

For intercontinental transport, sea freight is the standard method. Two options exist:

• Container shipping: Boats up to about 8 metres can fit inside a 40-foot container. The boat is shrink-wrapped, secured on a custom cradle, and loaded into the container. This is the most economical option for smaller boats on long-distance routes.
• Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo): Larger boats that do not fit in containers are transported on RoRo vessels — the boat is driven or towed onto the ship on its own trailer or a ship's trailer. RoRo is used for yachts up to about 25 metres.
• Float-on/Float-off (FloFlo): For very large yachts, specialised semi-submersible ships flood their deck so the yacht can float on, then pump out to lift the yacht for transport.

Sea freight from the US East Coast to the Mediterranean typically costs €8,000-25,000 for a 10-15 metre boat, depending on method and destination port.

Air freight

Air freight is the fastest but most expensive option, used primarily for high-value racing yachts or urgent deliveries. A 10-metre boat can be transported by cargo aircraft, but costs can exceed €30,000. Air freight is rarely used for recreational boats due to the cost.

Preparing the boat for transport

Shrink wrapping

For sea freight and long-distance road transport, shrink wrapping protects the boat from salt spray, road debris, and weather. The wrap is applied over a framework of strapping tape and heat-shrunk to form a tight, waterproof cover. Vents are installed to prevent condensation buildup.

Removing vulnerable equipment

Remove and separately pack anything that could be damaged in transit: electronics, sails, cushions, canvas, and loose equipment. For road transport, remove the mast, radar arch, and any protruding fittings. Secure all hatches and doors with tape or straps.

Engine and systems

Drain freshwater systems to prevent freezing and bacterial growth. Top up fuel tanks to reduce condensation, and add fuel stabiliser. Disconnect batteries and secure them in place. For winter transport, winterise the engine as described in our winterizing guide.

Cradle or trailer

The boat must be secured to a transport cradle or trailer that distributes weight correctly. For sea freight, a custom cradle is typically built and bolted to the container floor. For road transport, the transport company provides a suitable trailer. Ensure the cradle supports the boat at structurally sound points — keel, bulkheads, and stringers — not just the hull skin.

Customs and documentation

Export and import documentation

International boat transport requires customs documentation for both export and import. Key documents include:

• Bill of sale: Proof of ownership, required for customs valuation.
• Registration certificate: The boat's current registration or flag.
• Transport document (Bill of Lading): Issued by the shipping company, this is the contract of carriage and receipt for the boat.
• Commercial invoice: Declares the boat's value for customs and insurance purposes.
• ATA Carnet (temporary import): For temporary import (e.g. a yacht transported to the Mediterranean for the season and returning home), an ATA Carnet allows duty-free temporary import for up to one year. This avoids paying import duties on a boat that will be re-exported.

Import duties and taxes

Importing a boat permanently into the EU attracts VAT (typically 19-25% depending on the member state) plus possible import duties. Temporary import under an ATA Carnet or Temporary Admission procedure can defer or avoid these costs for boats that will be re-exported within a specified period. Consult a customs broker experienced in marine imports — the rules are complex and mistakes are costly.

Insurance during transport

Standard boat insurance typically does not cover transport. You need a separate marine cargo or transit insurance policy that covers the boat from the time it leaves its origin to the time it is launched at the destination. Ensure the policy covers loading, transit, unloading, and any storage periods. For more on boat insurance, see our boat insurance coverage guide.

Choosing a transport company

Look for a company with experience in boat transport, not just general freight. Ask for references, verify their insurance, and confirm they handle customs documentation. Get quotes from at least three companies and compare not just price but what is included — permits, escorts, cradle, shrink wrap, and customs handling can be billed separately. For boats purchased internationally, see our used boat buying guide for tips on evaluating boats you cannot visit in person.